Music for writing papers: 2020

Tuesday, September 15, 2020

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Friday, September 11, 2020

Owlessay

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Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Essay Writing Services From Essay Writers Now On Writingessayeast Com

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Learn more about a number of the qualities writers ought to possess, the instruments they use in their day by day work, and credentials they'll earn to develop new abilities and advance in their careers. Grant writers work with nonprofit and public organizations to research and write proposals to receive funding from government companies, charities, and private foundations. Like a matchmaker, grant writers should locate funding alternatives that align with the mission, activities and targets of the group they're making an attempt to fund. These applications function an introduction to the examine of writing and literature. Typically serving as a bridge to a PhD program, literacy research is a versatile course of study for students looking for careers in publishing, professional writing or editing. The curriculum provides an summary of composition, enterprise writing, grammar and rhetoric, and language concept. Through this curriculum, students develop abilities in critical writing, research and evaluation. Not all writers work as or wish to be novelists, poets or authors. Writing is an extremely diverse occupational subject with multi-faceted career paths. There isnâ€™t a single route to changing into a author, which is one of the major advantages of the occupation. These comparability weakens me and offers me such inferiority complex. This is the most important explanation for my procrastination; I at all times suppose I am not adequate. The greatest distinction between an okay writer and a good one usually isnâ€™t expertise, however somewhat an understanding of just what they willâ€™t do. For example, if the assignment says the writing must be in 10-point font, itâ€™s going to take a greater number of phrases to fill a web page than if the project requires a 12-level font. People inform me I am a good writer, however, I all the time evaluate myself with these fancy writers that use huge, superb words. The format is often included within the requirements offered by the professor. The customer provides this info for the writer to make sure correct formatting. Different colleges and universities use totally different formats, so itâ€™s essential to examine this guideline in project recordsdata. Itâ€™s not unusual that a very well-written essay receives a low grade because of the lack of proper formatting.

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Friday, August 28, 2020

27 Best Essay Writing Apps [Updated] Essay Helper Apps

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Wednesday, August 26, 2020

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Sunday, May 31, 2020

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HomePlanAcademicsAP Exam Registration and Schedule 2020This page may contain affiliate links.Jan 3, 2020 AP classes are an excellent way for advanced students to challenge themselves. In addition, they have the chance to earn college credit with the AP exam at the end of the year. Some students graduate with enough AP credit that they are able to graduate a semester Ã¢â‚¬â€œ or more Ã¢â‚¬â€œ early. ThatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s enough to make every parentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s heart sing. Here are the basics you need to know about AP classes and tests for this school year. How To Get Into AP Classes Generally, getting into an AP class is done through your high schoolÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s registration process. However, it is possible to take AP classes that your school does not offer. ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s also important to know how to register for AP classes if your student is homeschooled or attends a high school without AP classes. There may be prerequisite classes before your student can choose an AP class. For instance, they may need to take an introductory chemistry class before you can enroll in AP Chemistry. If your student wants to get AP credit but your school doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t offer the class, or your student is homeschooled, all you need to do is make sure they register for the AP Exam. From there, they will need to study and prepare for the exam themselves, without a class. The good news is that there are online AP classes that your student can take advantage of to help them prepare How Do You Register For An AP Exam? Your student can take as many AP exams each year as they would like, but keep in mind that you have to pay for the registration each time. If they arenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t able to prepare well for multiple exams a year, it would be better to spread them out. Your student can repeat an AP exam they took the previous year to improve their score. However, both exam scores will be reported unless your student requests that one is withheld or canceled. The College Board, theorganization that oversees the Advanced Placement program, recently announced its plans to alter the AP registration policies. These changes will necessitate some additional planning when it comes to deciding which tests to take and how registration and the exam(s) will be paid for. AP exam registration will now take place on November 15 rather than in March. The AP exams themselves will still be held in May of each school year. The new registration deadline dictates that students must commit to taking AP exams sooner in the school year than before. That is, BEFORE the Thanksgiving break. Any changes to a studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s registration status after November 15 will incur a $40.00 fee. Though the standard AP registration deadline will be November 15, students will still be able to register after November 15, however, they will be obligated topay the usual charge of $94.00 per test, plus a $40.00 late registration fee. Students who wish to cancel their registration after November 15 will receive their $94.00 back, but will be assessed a $40.00 fee. If your student is taking an AP class at their high school, the teacher will probably let them know what the test registration process is and when the forms and payment are due. Some teachers will even set aside class time to walk students through the registration process! Even if this doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t happen, an AP teacher is a great resource for any questions you have about the exam. Another resource at your childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s high school is the AP coordinator, who should have information about all of the exams, dates, and deadlines. The coordinator may be a guidance counselor, so keep in mind that you need to ask questions early so that you have time for them to work you into their schedule. What To Do If Your School Doesnt Offer AP Classes If your student is homeschooled or their high school doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t offer AP classes, you still have access to exams. However, you have to do more of the legwork yourself. AP exams have to be taken at a high school that offers AP classes, so check around to find the school nearest you. Contact their AP coordinator and find out how to get your child registered for the target exam(s). You can also contact the national AP program itself. The deadline (for 2020-21) will be in the fall. You can call 888-225-5427 or email [emailprotected]. AP Exam Schedule 2020 So when are the exams? The dates vary depending on which exam your student is targeting. Keep in mind that if your child has exams that conflict, they need to talk to the AP coordinator about getting an alternate testing time set up. AP test dates are available on the College Board website, and range from May 4th Ã¢â‚¬â€œ May 15th. For each date, there is a morning time slot that starts at 8 am and an afternoon time slot that starts at 12 pm. Each test is only available once. Some examples of when tests are available include: United States Government and Politics: Monday, May 4, 2020, 8 am European History: Wednesday, May 6, 2020, 12 pm Chemistry: Thursday, May 7, 2020, 8 am Biology: Monday, May 11, 2020, 8 am Calculus AB and BC: Tuesday, May 5, 2020, 8 am English Language and Composition: Wednesday, May 6, 2020, 8 am AP Exam Schedule 2020 Week 1Morning 8 a.m. Local TimeAfternoon 12 noon Local TimeAfternoon 2 p.m. Local Time Monday May 4, 2020United States Government and PoliticsPhysics C: MechanicsPhysics C: Electricity and Magnetism Tuesday, May 5, 2020Calculus AB Calculus BCGerman Language and Culture Human Geography Wednesday, May 6, 2020English Literature and CompositionEuropean History Physics 2: Algebra-Based Thursday, May 7, 2020Chemistry Spanish Literature and CultureJapanese Language and Culture Physics 1: Algebra-Based Friday, May 8, 2020United States HistoryArt History Computer Science A AP 2-D Art and Design, 3-D Art and Design, and Drawing Ã¢â‚¬â€œ last day for coordinators to submit digital portfolios (by 8 p.m. ET) and to gather 2-D Art and Design and Drawing students for physical portfolio assembly. Teachers should have forwarded studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ completed digital portfolios to coordinators before this date. AP Exam Schedule 2020 (Week Two) Week 2Morning 8 a.m. Local TimeAfternoon 12 noon Local Time Monday May 11, 2020BiologyChinese Language and Culture Environmental Science Tuesday, May 12, 2020Seminar Spanish Language and CultureLatin Psychology Wednesday, May 13, 2020English Language and CompositionMicroeconomics Music Theory Thursday, May 14, 2020Comparative Government and Politics World History: ModernItalian Language and Culture Macroeconomics Friday, May 15, 2020Computer Science and Principles French Language and CultureStatistics For a full list of exam dates and times, visit the College Board website. AP Exams Can Build College Success Of course, every student who takes an AP exam is hoping to score well enough to earn college credit. There are a lot of other benefits to taking an AP class and exam, though. The rigorous study required will help prepare your student for college-level courses. They will be challenged to dig deeper into a subject, and having AP classes and exam scores can help your student stand out for college admissions. As you encourage your student to reach higher, be sure that the college they attend will reward their efforts. You can find schools that are very generous with merit aid by checking out our College Data Spreadsheet today!

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Contingency Plans Related to Disaster Recovery - 1446 Words

Lichten, Pg.6 instruments, diagnostic imaging equipment, etc.) and information systems across the hospital.Ã¢â‚¬ The one saving grace that is discussed is their use of health information exchange. As Minghella explains; Ã¢â‚¬Å"Our involvement in a Health Information Exchange (HIE) played an important role in helping us recover from this data lossÃ¢â‚¬ ¦As a result of that effort, lab tests, diagnostic imaging results and transcribed reports like operative reports, discharge summaries and inpatient progress notes were available for use in re-creating the patient record.Ã¢â‚¬ The use of health information exchange clearly proved to be a key factor in their recovery. Minghella further goes on to stress the importance of paper records as a backup. SheÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦A further example of this can be illustrated through the updated Backup and Disaster Recovery Plan provided by Bradley, MD: The next step in implementing a contingency plan should be communication. Communication is a key factor in varying events, especially when youÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re facing a network Lichten, Pg.9 failure. Ã¢â‚¬Å"While it may take time for a company to diagnose the problem, providers should expect a phone call when the system is down for more than an hour unexpectedly (Bresnick, 2013).Ã¢â‚¬ Furthermore, since the network will be down, EHRs will not be available, thus, paper forms and documents will have to be utilized. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Physicians should be familiar with the paper charts that will be used during an emergency, and be aware of what documentation is required to create a complete electronic record without the prompting of HER templates or clinical decision support (Bresnick, 2013).Ã¢â‚¬ The need for paper documents was clearly illustrated in the aforementioned case study of Boulder Community Hospital. Being able to locate and utilize paper documentation will prove to be a great asset in the event of a network failure. Lastly, preparation is crucial in order to prevent chaos from transpiring. Thus, creating an unhindered process for everyone involved. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Develop a training packet for staff to study, which includes asking questions about their roles during an EHR outage, the questions they will need to answer without the aid of a computer system, and the proceduresShow MoreRelatedDisaster Recovery Plan And Related Contingency Requirements For Jeeb s Band And Trust1238 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesIntroduction This document includes the disaster recovery plan and related contingency requirements for JeebÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Band and Trust. It consists of detailed written practices and procedures to mitigate interruptions to Ã¢â‚¬Å"critical information systemsÃ¢â‚¬ and the Ã¢â‚¬Å"loss of data and servicesÃ¢â‚¬ from the effects of natural or man-made disasters. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Coca-Cola Amatil Business Environment and Case Study Free Solution

Question: Discuss about the Business Environment for Coca-Cola Amatil. Answer: Introduction With increasing competition in the business environment, it becomes important for the business organizations to efficiently design and align its objectives and strategies in order to achieve enhanced performance and competitive advantage (Cherunilam, 2010). Thus on the basis of the above aspects the report strives towards identifying the business objectives and strategies in the context of Coca-Cola Amatil (CCA) which is the one of the largest bottlers of non-alcoholic ready-to-drink beverages in the Asia-Pacific region (Ccamatil, 2016). The company is characterized with a diversified portfolio of products that include the carbonated soft drinks, fruit juices, sports and energy drinks, coffee, iced tea, spring water, SPC Ardmona and Goulburn packaged ready to eat snacks, vegetables and products. The report also strives towards identifying the performance objectives of the company and its internal consistency that contribute towards its competitive advantages. It also analyzes the challenges faced by the company in its operations management. Finally the report provides conclusion as the summary of the findings and suggestions regarding how to overcome operations challenges. Business Objectives and Strategies of Coca-Cola Amatil Coca-Cola Amatil operates with a mission of keeping the consumers hydrated and refreshed by offering them an extensive range of beverages. Thus from the mission statement of the company it is observed that the company operates in order to achieve its objective of creating millions of moments of happiness and possibilities and in order to achieve this objective relies upon the skills, knowledge and experience of its employees (Ccamatil, 2016). Moreover the passionate employees of the company can also be looked upon as at the heart of the success of the company since they are motivated to achieve their goals with the realization of the fact that the best way to achieve their goals is to successfully achieve the goals of the organization. The company is also a dynamic and exciting organization and it inspires its employees to sieze the opportunities, innovate and grow and drive people to think out of the box by working in teams. Coca-Cola is not only committed towards its customers and employees, but also committed towards its shareholders and thus strive towards generating attractive and sustainable shareholder returns. Thus the company has built a string and sustainable business with the help of its following strategies: Strengthening Leadership The company has placed a leading brand in each NARTD category in every market. The company has increased the range of affordable packs in the market. The company has up weighted the innovative marketing levels for strengthening its brand equity. Continuously evolve its portfolio as per the changing preferences of the customers (Floyd and Wooldridge, 2007). Change in Producvity and Execution The company emphasizes upon achieving world class customer service capability. Route to market facilitates the company with diversified customers and competitive advantage (Hubbard and Seet, 2006)s. The company efficiently leverages its large scale, low cost manufacturing sales and distribution capability. In addition to the above strategies, Coca-Cola Amatil operates with a shared vision and aligned objectives of its brand partners like Coca Cola together with developing joint plans for growth system profitability and shares risk and reward with its brand partners. Operations Strategy of Coca-Cola Amatil in terms of Structure and Infrastructure Analyzing the organizational structure of Coca-Cola Amatil, it is observed that the company strives towards adopting the tall organizational structure. Thus there exist a narrow span of control and each manager has small number of employees under their control and the employees are closely supervised. The lines of responsibility and control is also clear and there exist clear opportunities of progression and promotion for the lower level of employees (TheOfficialBoard, 2016). The organizational structure of the company can be illustrated with the help of the following figure: [Source: TheOfficialBoard, 2016] The organizational team at the top of the company is passionate role models of behaviors that exhibit the companys values and deliver an organizational culture that leads the company towards success. The leaders set the direction and translate the strategy into clear standards of performance and behavior together what is expected from the team members. They are responsible for delivering the work by motivating and engaging the team members so that the objectives are achieved and value is delivered to the customers, shareholders and team members of CCA. On the other hand analyzing the operations strategy in terms of the infrastructure of Coca-Cola Amatil, it can be said that the demand for beverage products of the company is significantly influenced by factors like hot or cold weather and conduct of major events. So these fluctuations prove to be costly for the company to own and manage its own infrastructure and this created a demand on the part of the company to invest in capital infrastructure for highest potential demand (ibm, 2015). As a result the company has signed a five year deal with the tech giant IBM for the development of private cloud computing environment and this has proved to be beneficial in automating its core technology operations in the Asia-Pacific region. The company in order to achieve operational efficiency also invested in developing a core systems replacement program named as OAisys (One Amatil Information System) in the year 2012 and thus adopted the SAP technology. Moreover as per the deal, the SAP platf orm moved into IBMs private cloud and thus the SAP infrastructure is being managed the IBM (ibm, 2015). So it also facilitated the company in achieving cost efficiency in its operations. In addition the company also operates with the help of the mobile workers. More than 50% of the workers of the company are mobile and the company is also aiming to facilitate its equipment maintenance workers, the sales staff, the office staff and delivery fleet, the access to the internal system from anywhere and so this cloud based solution would prove to be beneficial in this strive. Operations Performance Objectives of Coca-Cola Amatil Cost Coca-Cola Amatil aims to minimize the cost of operation through infrastructure development and maintaining a base of skilled, knowledgeable and dedicated employees (Greasley, 2008). For example, The Company has entered into five year multi-million dollar deal with IBM on cloud agreement. Quality The Company is aimed at achieving efficiency in its operations and maintaining quality through their strict manufacturing and distribution policies and the quality and safety of all the system wide operations of the company is monitored and measured against rigorous standards. Speed The company strives towards achieving speed for on time delivery of the products at the right place and this maintained through the development and implementation of a national strategy that covers the industrial automation and electrical systems and also by maintaining an integrated supply chain management system (Krajewski, Ritzman and Krajewski, 2008)s. Dependability The company aims to become the most dependable organization for its customers and this is achieved through its effective strategies designed and implemented by its leaders, its operational efficiency and its efficient supply chain. These factors facilitate in catering as per the specific customers demand and also deliver the right products to the right customers at the right time and in right quantity. Flexibility The company also responds to the flexibility of the market and this is the reason why the company is characterized with a diversified portfolio of products top suit the varied needs of the customers (Waters, 2006). Competitive Priorities of Coca-Cola Amatil Analyzing the competitive priorities, it is observed that Coca-Cola Amatil strives towards maintaining efficiency in its operations through its infrastructure development by entering into cloud agreement with IBM, expanding its brand portfolio to serve the varied needs and preferences of the customers, transforming the logistics operations by making it more flexible for efficiently managing different product types with more complex delivery combinations, cost reduction and maintaining quality standards. Internal Consistency and its Contribution to Competitive Advantage The internal consistencies and its contribution towards competitive advantage can be illustrated as follows: Experienced management and company team Coca Cola Amatil is led by passionate role models that bring insight and inspiration for team members. The employees are valued and engaged and are allowed to be innovative and creative in their approach (Cokegrads.com.au, 2011). This has led to dedicated talent and skill pool that drives the organization towards achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Good Infrastructure The company has invested in its infrastructure development to achieve automation of the operations that enhances operational efficiency and entered into deal with IBM to achieve IT infrastructure development to support the workload and develop mobile workers. It also maintains efficient supply chain to achieve flexibility in managing complex delivery combination due to different product types. These factors has facilitated the company in achieving minimized operational cost, high quality, enhanced flexibility and dependability and high speed delivery required to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Operations Management Challenges Coca-Cola Amatil is the manufacturer and the distributor operator of Coca-Cola in Australia and its products are delivered from 24 warehouses and 15 production facilities to more than 116,000 customers every day across Australia. Thus the major operational challenges that the company faces include the following: To efficiently maintain occupational Health and Safety To meet the specific delivery time for diversified portfolio of products (Reuters, 2009). To efficiently manage the order and delivery cycle. Suggestions for Operating Strategy to overcome Challenges Taking into consideration the above operational challenges, it can be suggested that Coca Cola Amatil should scale its logistics operations in order to accommodate the rapidly expanding brand portfolio. This can be achieved by implementing SAP and ERP in its supply chain management. This would make the logistics system more flexible. Moreover these software developments would prove to be beneficial in optimizing the ways in which the orders would be stacked on the pallets together with managing the schedule of delivery and the size and the weight of the package resulting into a fully automated system which would reduce the chances of mistakes thereby enhancing efficiency. The SAP ERP software would also prove to be beneficial in planning the loading of the containers and would be optimized for removal in the particular sequence at the customers thus reducing time in loading and unloading and achieving efficiency in the delivery system. So these aspects would not prove to be beneficial for the company in delivering the right products to the right customers at the right time and in the right quantity but would also increase the operational efficiency which would enhance customer satisfaction and reputation of the company in the market. Conclusion Thus from the above discussions, it is observed that even though Coca-Cola Amatil has managed to efficiently conduct its operations in manufacturing and delivering the products to the customers, following the suggestions might drive the company towards investments but it would prove to be beneficial and profitable in the long run. References Ccamatil. (2016). Coca-Cola Amatil: Business and its Operations. [online] Available at: https://www.ccamatil.com [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Ccamatil. (2016). Our Vision and Values: Coca-Cola Amatil and its Mission and Strategies. [online] Available at: https://www.ccamatil.com/en/our-company/our-vision-and-values [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Cherunilam, F. (2010). Business environment. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Cokegrads.com.au. (2011). About Coca-Cola Amatil: The Company and its Competitve Priorities. [online] Available at: https://cokegrads.com.au/about-cca [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Floyd, S. and Wooldridge, B. (2007). Building stratgey from the middle. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE. Greasley, A. (2008). Operations management. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Hubbard, G. and Seet, P. (2006). Where culture meets strategy. Lindfield, NSW: Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management. ibm. (2015). Coca-Cola Amatil Improves Customer Experience with IBM Cloud: Move to SoftLayer will significantly reduce IT costs and provide greater customer engagement. [online] Available at: https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/46507.wss [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Krajewski, L., Ritzman, L. and Krajewski, L. (2008). Operations management. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Reuters. (2009). How Coca-Cola Amatil aimed to optimize: Challenges faced and Ways to Overcome. [online] Available at: https://www.reuters.com [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. TheOfficialBoard. (2016). Org Chart Coca-Cola Amatil. [online] Available at: https://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/coca-cola-amatil [Accessed 18 Aug. 2016]. Waters, C. (2006). Operations management. 3rd ed. London: Kogan Page.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

The Privatization or Commodification of Water

Introduction For a long time, ethics has been seen as the study of what comprises good and bad conduct which includes the values that influence the conduct. Generally, contemporary culture has given humans unprecedented liberty and prosperity which has necessitated the growth of the concept of ethics.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Privatization or Commodification of Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business ethics on the other hand has existed in the form of reflection on the ethical dimensions of business exchanges and institutions whereby the concept has been understood in two distinctive ways, where one group views it from the background of philosophy while the other group views it from the background of business community (Brenkert and Beauchamp 3). These two approaches are not exclusive, but the philosophical approach appears to be the broader of the two. In all cases, it becomes importa nt to appreciate the fact that moral problems and the process of analyzing them invites different forms of useful analysis. Water forms an essential commodity that ensures continuity of life, though for a long time no systematic way has been elaborated in appreciating its value (Brown and Schmidt 3). For long, people have regarded water as a renewable commodity that has potential to develop without limit. With the larger society utilizing water in different ways such as irrigation, energy and burgeoning urban centers, the reality is now clearer that like just other renewable commodities, water is a finite resource. However, providing answers to modern water problems requires giving answers to questions of value: how should society capture, store or distribute water; at what cost; for whom; and for how long (Brown and Schmidt 4). All these questions are regarded as ethical because just like any other essential resource, determining a fair and just distribution of water has direct eff ects on human and nonhuman lives and also the systems that sustain them. Commodification of water Borgmann argues that the driving force of the contemporary society is the aspect of commodification which is described as, that vital structure of modern society of the market which conveys a sense of moral censure (Borgmann 143). The author, in reference to Viviana Zelizer, states that, Ã¢â‚¬Å"economic prophets have frequently warned us against global commodification and the loss of the moral-emotional fiber it bringsÃ¢â‚¬ (Borgmann 144). Using the MarxÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s concept of commodification, Borgmann first sees the concept to possess the verb to commodify, which to him is Ã¢â‚¬Å"to draw something from outside the market into the market so that it becomes available for sale and purchaseÃ¢â‚¬ (Borgmann 144).Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marx looked at the various ways in which capitalism perceived the production of things such as wheat, shoes and clothing out of the hands and circumstances of the farmers, artisan and householders, stripped them of their context of skills and persons, of exchanges and uses and made them into commodities (goods) whose importance was reduced to their price. Moreover, Marx became critical of how labor was being converted into something that could be purchased and sold under conditions that only favored the capitalists and made the workers beggars (Borgmann 144); thus, commodification became purely and totally exploitation. The contemporary discussions continue to see the concept of commodification as contested. In such discussions, the broader agreement has remained that, certain goods such as justice should never be for sale (Borgmann 145). But other goods have continued to draw divided opinions. For a long time, goods at issue in this discussion have generally constituted those in Michael WalzerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s list of items which are subject to Ã¢â‚¬Ëœblocked exchangesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢: 1) Human beings; 2) political power and influence; 3) criminal justice; 4) freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly; 5) marriage and procreation; 6) the right to leave the political community; 7) exemptions from military service, from jury duty, and from any other form of communally imposed work; 8) political offices; 9) basic welfare services like police protection or primary and secondary schooling; 10) desperate exchanges; 11) prizes and honors of many sorts; 12) divine grace; 13) love and friendship; and 14) a long series of criminal sales (Borgmann p.145). The above list can be complete if addition of certain public goods is made. These public goods are; clean air and clean water, safety from crime, basic health care and public lands. The main argument in disfavor of commodification of public goods is that commodification may leads to social injustice, for instance, if education is totally commodified, the chil dren of the poor will get no education or for them, inferior education will be enough (Borgmann p.145). Commodification of water: Public vs. Private debate There exist two debates that continue to dominate the lives of many people concerning the issue of water. For instance, there are arguments whether water services should remain public or go private. One of the arguments Ã¢â‚¬Å"is concerned with practical issues of efficiency and economics, and the other is about principleÃ¢â‚¬ (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox p.10). Privatizing water in a country like USA has been a hard venture to undertake. Those opposed to such move include personalities such as Barlow of the Council of Canadians and Tony Clarke of CanadaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Polaris Institute (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox 10). The two have opposed the move to privatize water in principle and they are convinced that private companies should only get involved in narrow areas of infrastructure development but not allowed to have ownership, control or delivery of the basic service.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Privatization or Commodification of Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To them, the process or actions of commodifying water is generally wrong in terms of ethics, environmental and social (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox p.10). They are on the view that the process will, Ã¢â‚¬Å"insure that decisions regarding the allocation of water would center on commercial, not environmental or social justice considerations; privatization means that management of water resources is based on principles of scarcity and profit maximization rather than long-term sustainabilityÃ¢â‚¬ (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox 10). Contrary to this position, there is a divergent view which has been adopted by Peter Cook of the National Association of Water Companies who is convinced that if market principles are applicable to other products in the market, then water as a commo dity cannot be exceptional. Cook sees nothing wrong or unethical in making profits from water since the money which has been pumped into the business by the investors is used to benefit customers and provide them with services. Cook sums up his position by quoting the bible by stating that, the bible and especially the Ten Commandments have no provision that prohibits people from making profits, and utilities need to be operated as enterprises (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox pp.10-11). To this extent, Ã¢â‚¬Å"the practical debate over who can provide water better focuses on the issues of transparency, efficiency, rates, and sustainabilityÃ¢â‚¬ (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox pp.11).. Indeed, most of these values are possible in public controlled enterprises but far more difficult in private owned enterprises or corporations. Ethical dilemma The essence of water being a commodity that sustains life has drawn conflicting debates and reactions on whether it is ethical to commodify and therefore sub ject it to market competition principles. This particular confusion has been precipitated by the actions of United Nations to declare that water is a human right that should be accessible to everyone. The question that arises is; are their moral consequences that arise as a result of commodifying water and hence its availability and accessibility largely become determined by market mechanisms? Ethical lapse In most cases, ethical lapse can be categorized into three groups: deception, stealing and harming (Howard and Korver 13). There exists many variants to these but the mentioned three have come out as the most wrongdoings which people commit.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lying has been described in many ways that include: doctor, cover up, overstate, understate, misinform, misguide or stretch the truth (Howard and Korver p.14). additionally, the act of lying has psychological costs, for example, when individuals lie there is always a clash between their values and who they are; lying also creates barriers in relationships and soils self-image of an individual (Howard and Korver p.15). Moral reasoning The contemporary society is faced with a situation where people are facing dilemma on various ethical decisions and as a result there have been numerous methods of moral reasoning. Moral reasoning has taken center stage in various social issues as people continue to debate on what is right and what is wrong or what ought to be or not be done. In most cases many people are convinced that it is not necessary the principles which determine what is right or wrong, but the consequences produced by the actions in question (Rae p.81). When a particular course of action or decision produces the best set of consequences, then to majority such actions need to be allowed and accepted. In other words the action(s) that produces the greatest balance of benefits over harms is the one that is considered as the most moral. Generally actions considered right or wrong (morality) should depend on the situation and also on what the cultural consensus of right and wrong is at that time. In the case of commodifying water, if the society and hence culture reaches consensus that water commodification is wrong then it would be morally wrong to commodify or privatize water. Ethical approaches Utilitarianism ethics Utilitarianism ethics postulate that morality of an act is determined by the end result. From this observation, utilitarianism conviction is that the moral choice is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people or at the same time the moral choice is the course of action that produces more good consequences than harmf ul ones. Utilitarianism sometimes is regarded as consequentialism ethics due to its emphasis on the consequences of an action. Jeremy Bentham, one of the philosophers credited to utilitarianism believed in hedonistic utilitarianism which postulates that Ã¢â‚¬Å"the most moral acts are those that maximize pleasure and minimize painÃ¢â‚¬ (Rae p.85). On the other hand John Mill, another believer of utilitarianism ethics established his approach which differed from that of Bentham which was general concept of maximizing the general happiness, or what he termed as the greatest good for the greatest number. Hence ethics can be seen as the art of directing the actions of people so as to bring about the greatest possible happiness to all those who are concerned with these actions. As a result, Bentham observed that the interests of the community are simply the sum of the interests of its members. In sum the utilitarianism principle hold that, Ã¢â‚¬Å"an action is right from an ethical point of view if and only if the sum total of utilities produced by that act is greater than the sum total of utilities produced by any other act the agent could have performed in its placeÃ¢â‚¬ (Fernando p.34). Water commodification can be analyzed within the precepts of utilitarianism ethics where business principles can take a backseat to consequences, if on balance, commodification of water provides more beneficial consequences for more people then utilitarianism ethics consider it to be the most moral choice. Evaluation of actions needs to be made on the basis of benefits or harms the action(s) will bring upon human beings. The morality of the theory is that, individual or an organization performing particular actions need to impartially take into account interests of everyone on equal basis. Kantian ethics Kant was convinced that morality should be derived from recognition that people share a common human condition and what makes humans valuable and special is their ability to re ason and that moral rules based on reason should govern human behavior. To Kant moral rules need to be based on tradition, intuition, desire, conscience, emotion and sympathy and that free will among humans comes from their ability to reason and prompts them to develop rules for moral behavior which in turn can be applicable universally disregarding utilitarianism consequences. The moral rules established needs to recognize the fact that all people have a certain human dignity and therefore they should be accorded respect as autonomous beings (Fernando p.35). According to Kant moral ethics, an action is only moral for an individual in a certain situation if, and only if, the individualÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s reason for carrying out the action is one that he or she would be willing to have every person act on in any similar situation. At the same time moral worth would not be attached to an action motivated singularly to promote individual interests or for pleasure and that if an action is wrong f or other people, it is wrong for any one person. For Kant an action is regarded morally worth if it reflects a good will and it is only when individuals act from duty that their actions are regarded to be moral worth. As a result Kant believes that ethics should be grounded in reason alone and not on human nature (Fernando p.35). Ethicality in commodifying water On November 27 2002, United Nation declared water to be a human right for the first time and went a head to require states to adopt key legal mechanisms that would ensure this fundamental right is achieved (Sierra Club par. 1). From UN observation, the conviction was that privatizing water could not be achieved since it is impossible to marry the profit motive of a private enterprise and the necessity and importance of a commodity like water which many people require in order to survive (utilitarianism). The conclusion is that the issue of rendering water as a private thing should be done away from the market place since wat er belongs to earth, to all species, to the future generation and in this regard no one has the right to commodify water for personal (deontological) or corporate gain (Sierra Club par. 1). On advancing this claim, the Cochabamba Declaration of December 8, 2000, which brought together interested parties aimed at ensuring the privatization of water, was not achieved (welfare concern). To cement and solidify their claim the group came up with key points to be observed which turned out to constitute the Cochabamba Declaration (Sierra Club par. 4). To the group access to water is the fundamental right of every human and all humans are required to respect nature as they use water given by the earth. The three main points formulated were: Water was described to belong to the earth and also to all species of the world and that water need to be regarded as sacred to life, and from this view the water of the world needs to be conserved, reclaimed and put under adequate protection in order t o ensure the future generation is safe; Water was described as fundamental human right and also as a public trust that needs to be guarded by all structures of the government and as a result it should not be commodified, privatized or commercially traded; lastly Water can be best protected by local communities and people and who must be given equal respect as partners of various governments in the process of protecting and regulating water (Sierra Club par. 5). Conclusion Water ethic has developed in many societies as a result of continued efforts by enterprises and corporation to commodifying water. As a result, in most societies specifically the developed ones, water ethics commodification and privatization with marginalized access to water continue to raise key questions such as: Can water be sustainably managed while the global financial institutions and transnational corporations possess the means to do so? How can the empowerment of public and rights of people over water be r estored? How can global skills, capital and user practices are reconciled with the need and desire for control over water of local people? Such questions give an impression of how fundamental ethics has become essential in addressing the issue of water commodification. Ethical reasoning in regards to water will ensure proper, efficient and sustainable use of water despite its scarcity in nature. Works Cited Borgmann, Albert. Real American ethics: taking responsibility for our country. IL, University of Chicago Press. 2006. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=fJJccik-SRECpg=PA145dq=Ethics+of+commodification+of+waterhl=enei=zQZpTPagL5H34gb75pyZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=Ethics%20of%20commodification%20of%20waterf=false. Brenkert, George G. and Beauchamp, Tom L. The Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics. NY, Oxford University Press US. 2009. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qn1BDj7SRUsCpg=PA78dq=Ethics+of+commodification+ of+waterhl=enei=GvJoTPmcB4aS4gb6npCZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9ved=0CFkQ6AEwCA#v=onepageqf=false. Brown, Peter G. and Schmidt, Jeremy J. Water Ethics: Foundational Readings for Students and Professionals. NW, Island Press. 2010. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=fwFXY-vAwNsCpg=PA161dq=Ethics+of+commodification+of+waterhl=enei=GvJoTPmcB4aS4gb6npCZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw#v=onepageqf=false. Fernando, A. C. Business Ethics: An Indian Perspective. New Delhi, Pearson Education India, 2009. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=A-k_uWkGCEUCpg=PA35dq=business+ethics+theorieshl=enei=Od1rTLK0EcHT4wa4ncDkAgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=business%20ethics%20theoriesf=false. Howard, Ronald A. and Korver, Clinton D. Ethics for the real world: creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life. MA, Harvard Business Press. 2008. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=OqnrtQFfXb0Cpr intsec=frontcoverdq=Ethics+for+the+Real+World.hl=enei=RBtqTKP8LZCl4Qan5OCaAQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false. Rae, Scott B. Moral Choices: An Introduction to Ethics. MI, Zondervan, 2000. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=n55iiynlwmMCpg=PA77dq=moral+reasoninghl=enei=1sVrTN_nHMKk4Qb9kJz3Agsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=8ved=0CFMQ6AEwBw#v=onepageq=moral%20reasoningf=false. Sierra Club. Corporate Water Privatization: Water is a Human Right not a Commodity. 2008. 16 August 2010. http://www.sierraclub.org/committees/cac/water/human_right/. Snitow, Allan, Kaufman, Deborah and Fox, Michael. Thirst: fighting the corporate theft of our water. CA, John Wiley and Sons. 2007. 16 August 2010.https://books.google.com/books?id=wyW30HVewtACpg=PA10dq=Ethics+of+commodification+of+waterhl=enei=tiNpTMXOIuTT4waqqZiZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CC0Q6AEwATgK#v=onepageq=Ethics%20of%20commodification%20of%20waterf=false. This research paper on The Privatization or Commodification of Water was written and submitted by user Londyn F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saturday, March 14, 2020

Basics of the Federal Court System essays

Basics of the Federal Court System essays I have chosen the United States Federal Court System as my topic of research. I believe the U.S Federal Court System is paramount to our criminal justice system. Today the Federal Court System is a complex structure of courts and actors working together in an imperfect process to deliver justice. Throughout the years theres been controversy and debate between the rights of state and federal courts. However, as the dual process evolved they became dependent on each other. Without one or the other, the system will not function properly. The Federal Courts have been a controversial issue since the 18th century. The two landmark decisions that are well known are the Article III of the U.S Constitution and the Judiciary Act of 1789. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation in the past was thought to be the absence of a national supreme court to enforce federal law and resolve conflicts and issues between different states. The major issue during the Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 was that there be a separate court system for federal and state. This divided the people into two groups, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Anti-Federalists were advocates of states rights and feared a strong national government that would result in the weakening of individual liberties. The Federalists on the other hand distrusted the states and favored a strong national government. This conflict between the two groups was later resolved at the constitutional convention which designed Article III of the U.S. Constitu tion. This then provided an outline of a federal judiciary. (Americas Courts and the Criminal Justice System, 2009) The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior Courts as the congress may from time to time ordain and establish. Since then, there were many alterations made, but ultimately in 1988 Congress eliminated many of the mandatory appeals to...